In 2023, 9.5% of the EU population were unable to afford a meal containing meat, fish or a vegetarian equivalent every second day, 1.2 percentage points (pp) higher compared with 2022 (8.3%).

Moreover, focusing on people at risk of poverty in 2023 the share at the EU level was 22.3%, indicating a 2.6 pp increase compared with 2022 (19.7%). At the national level, the highest share of people at risk of poverty unable to afford a proper meal was recorded in Slovakia (45.7%), followed by Hungary (44.9%) and Bulgaria (40.2%). On the other hand, the lowest share was recorded in Ireland (4.2%), followed by Cyprus (5.0%) and Portugal (5.9%).

In the EU, the difference between the total and the at-risk-of-poverty population in terms of affording a proper meal was 12.8 pp. At the country level, Hungary reported the largest gap at 30.2 pp, followed by Slovakia (27.9 pp) and Greece (27.3 pp). In contrast, Sweden, Cyprus, Luxembourg, Portugal and Ireland reported the smallest differences, all below 4.0 pp.